What is the main function of ribosomes?

The primary role of ribosomes is protein synthesis. Ribosomes are complex molecular machines found within all living cells, and they play a critical role in translating the genetic information encoded in messenger RNA (mRNA) into proteins. This process is known as translation, where ribosomes read the sequence of mRNA and assemble the corresponding amino acids into polypeptide chains, which then fold to form functional proteins.

Proteins are essential for various cellular functions, including acting as enzymes, providing structural support, and facilitating communication between cells. Thus, the correct identification of the ribosome's function as protein synthesis underscores its vital role in maintaining cellular activity and overall life processes.

Other options, such as energy production, DNA replication, and transport of materials, are handled by different cellular structures or processes. For instance, mitochondria are primarily responsible for energy production, while the nucleus is the site of DNA replication. Transport of materials often involves the use of membranes and organelles like vesicles and the endoplasmic reticulum. Each of these functions is essential for cell survival, but they do not pertain directly to the function of ribosomes.