What is the term for one of the identical halves of a duplicated chromosome?

The term for one of the identical halves of a duplicated chromosome is chromatid. During the process of cell division, specifically in the synthesis phase of interphase, a chromosome is replicated, resulting in two identical structures known as sister chromatids. These chromatids remain joined together at a region called the centromere until they are separated during metaphase of cell division. Each chromatid contains an exact copy of the DNA, ensuring that each daughter cell receives an identical set of chromosomes during cell division.

In contrast, the centromere is the point of constriction that holds the sister chromatids together, chromatin refers to the material composed of DNA and proteins that make up the chromosomes, and telomeres are the protective caps at the ends of chromosomes that help maintain their integrity during replication. Thus, chromatid is the correct term for the identical halves of a duplicated chromosome.