What is the term for the change of substance from gas to solid?

The transition of a substance from a gaseous state directly to a solid state is referred to as deposition. This process occurs without passing through the liquid phase, meaning that gas transforms into solid form when cool conditions or specific pressures are applied. A common example of deposition is the formation of frost: water vapor in the air can directly turn into solid ice crystals on surfaces when the temperature drops.

In contrast, evaporation typically refers to the process of a liquid turning into a gas. Condensation is the reverse, where a gas changes back into a liquid. Precipitation usually describes water vapor condensing and falling to the earth as rain, snow, or other forms of water. Thus, the correct term to denote the direct change from gas to solid is indeed deposition.