What is the term for the temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid equals atmospheric pressure?

The temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid equals atmospheric pressure is defined as the boiling point. At this point, the liquid's molecules have enough energy to overcome the atmospheric pressure pushing down on them, allowing the liquid to transition into a gas.

This concept is fundamental in thermodynamics and physical chemistry. The boiling point can vary for different liquids and is influenced by atmospheric pressure; for instance, at higher altitudes where the atmospheric pressure is lower, water boils at a temperature lower than 100 degrees Celsius.

In contrast, the freezing point refers to the temperature at which a liquid turns into a solid, while the melting point is associated with the transition from solid to liquid. The condensation point typically describes the temperature at which vapor transitions back into liquid, which is related but specifically marks the reverse of boiling. Understanding these definitions allows for clearer comprehension of phase changes in substances.