Which macromolecule is primarily responsible for storing genetic information?

Nucleic acids are the macromolecules primarily responsible for storing genetic information. This is due to their unique structure and function; nucleic acids, such as DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid), are composed of long chains of nucleotides. DNA, in particular, serves as the hereditary material in most living organisms, encoding instructions for the development, functioning, growth, and reproduction of all known life.

The structure of DNA, which features a double helix formed by paired nucleotides, allows it to effectively store vast amounts of information in sequences of bases (adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine). When cells divide, DNA is replicated so that genetic information can be passed from one generation to the next. Additionally, RNA plays a crucial role in expressing this genetic information by acting as a messenger in the synthesis of proteins.

The other macromolecules listed have different primary functions: proteins are involved in structure and function of the body, carbohydrates are mainly energy sources and structural components, and lipids serve as energy reserves and make up cell membranes. While all these macromolecules play vital roles in biological systems, nucleic acids are specifically essential for the storage and